Wondering whether your trees are thriving beneath a thick layer of first or snow? Curious about how Maryland’s chilly weather is impacting your garden? At Pro Stump Removal, we believe understanding the science behind this natural phenomenon can help you better care for your trees and stumps during the cold months. 

Here is everything you need to know to help you make informed choices about your garden, tree health, and stump removal. 

What Is Frost Heave?

Frost heave, simply put, is the upward movement of soil and objects in it caused by the freezing of water. When soil contains moisture and temperatures drop below freezing, the water in the soil turns into ice crystals. As water freezes, it expands, exerting tremendous pressure on the surrounding soil. This pressure pushes objects, such as rocks, tree roots, and even stumps, upward.

How Frost Heave Affects Trees

Frost heave can have both positive and negative effects on trees. Understanding these effects is crucial for proper tree care in regions like Washington, Baltimore, Hagerstown, Martinsburg, Frederick, and Cumberland, where freezing temperatures are common during the winter.

1. Root Exposure

One of the most apparent effects of frost heave on trees is the exposure of their roots. As the soil heaves, it can lift the soil level around the tree, exposing a portion of the roots near the surface. While some tree species are more tolerant of this exposure, it can be detrimental to others. Exposed roots are vulnerable to drying out and potential damage, which can affect the overall health of the tree.

2. Soil Aeration

Frost heave can also improve soil aeration around tree roots. As the soil is lifted and then resettles, it creates air pockets within the soil. This increased aeration can benefit the tree's root system by providing better access to oxygen, which is essential for root health.

3. Root Damage

On the downside, frost heave can lead to root damage. The heaving process can disrupt the delicate network of tree roots, causing them to break or tear. This damage can weaken the tree and make it more susceptible to disease and environmental stressors.

4. Leaning Trees

In some cases, frost heave can result in trees leaning to one side. This is particularly common in younger trees with shallow root systems. The heaving of soil around the tree can shift its balance, causing it to tilt. While many trees can eventually correct their posture, some may require staking or additional support to prevent permanent damage.

How Frost Heave Affects Stumps

Frost heave can also impact stumps left in the ground after tree removal. While stumps do not have the same complex root systems as living trees, they are still subject to the forces of frost heave.

1. Stump Uplift

Frost heave can cause stumps to rise slightly above the ground surface. This can be problematic for several reasons. First, it creates a tripping hazard in your yard. Second, it can make mowing or maintaining your lawn difficult. Finally, the uneven surface can be unsightly.

2. Accelerated Decomposition

Interestingly, frost heave can also accelerate the decomposition process of stumps. As the stump is repeatedly lifted and lowered by frost heave, it can cause micro-fractures in the wood. These fractures increase the surface area exposed to soil and moisture, speeding up decomposition.

Managing Frost Heave

While frost heave is a natural process, there are ways to minimize its negative effects on trees and stumps. Here are some tips:

• Mulch: Apply a layer of mulch around the base of trees to insulate the soil and help regulate temperature fluctuations.
• Proper Pruning: Regular pruning can help reduce the risk of tree damage from frost heave by improving tree structure.
• Stump Removal: If your stump is repeatedly heaving, consider professional stump removal to eliminate the issue altogether.



Frost heave is a natural and intriguing process that can affect trees and stumps during the winter months. By understanding its impact, you can take proactive measures to protect your trees and property. If you have concerns about how frost heave may be affecting your trees or stumps, don't hesitate to reach out to Pro Stump Removal. Our team of certified arborists is here to assist you with all your tree and stump care needs in Hagerstown, Martinsburg, Frederick, Cumberland, and beyond.